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Picture

Junior Cycle Science Quiz: Habitat Study & Adaptation
Score: 0

1. Habitat Study
A habitat is the natural environment where an organism lives and thrives. A habitat study involves observing and investigating the physical and biological features of a specific area to understand its biodiversity.
​
Key Steps in a Habitat Study:
  1. Select a Habitat:
    • Examples: Grassland, woodland, pond, seashore.
  2. Survey the Area:
    • Record abiotic factors (e.g., temperature, soil pH, light intensity).
  3. Identify Organisms:
    • Use keys or guides to classify plants, animals, and microorganisms.
  4. Map the Habitat:
    • Create a sketch or map of the area and locate key organisms.
  5. Analyse Data:
    • Examine how organisms interact and adapt to the habitat.

2. Adaptation
  • Definition: Adaptations are characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce in its habitat.
  • Examples:
    • Camouflage: Stick insects blend with their environment to avoid predators.
    • Structural Adaptations: Ducks have webbed feet to swim efficiently.
    • Behavioural Adaptations: Birds migrate to warmer climates in winter.

3. Competition
  • Definition: Competition occurs when organisms fight for the same limited resources, such as food, space, or light.
  • Types:
    • Intraspecific: Between members of the same species (e.g., trees competing for sunlight in a forest).
    • Interspecific: Between members of different species (e.g., lions and hyenas competing for prey).
  • Outcomes:
    • Stronger competitors survive and reproduce, while weaker ones may die or relocate.

4. Interdependence
  • Definition: Interdependence refers to how organisms in a habitat rely on each other for survival.
  • Examples:
    • Food Chains and Webs: Plants (producers) are eaten by herbivores (primary consumers), which are eaten by carnivores (secondary consumers).
    • Mutualism: Bees and flowers – bees get nectar, and flowers are pollinated.
    • Predator-Prey Relationships: Predators help control prey populations, maintaining balance in the ecosystem.

5. Human Impact on Habitats
  • Positive Impacts:
    • Conservation efforts (e.g., wildlife reserves, reforestation).
    • Sustainable practices (e.g., eco-friendly farming).
  • Negative Impacts:
    • Habitat destruction (e.g., deforestation, urbanisation).
    • Pollution harming species and ecosystems.

6. Summary
  • Habitat Study: Investigates the physical and biological features of an area.
  • Adaptation: Features that help organisms survive.
  • Competition: Struggle between organisms for resources.
  • Interdependence: How organisms rely on each other in food chains, webs, and mutual relationships.

Questions:

Q1: What is a habitat?
A: A habitat is the natural environment where an organism lives and thrives.
Q2: What is a community in an ecosystem?
A: A community is a group of different species that interact within the same habitat.
Q3: What are adaptations?
A: Adaptations are features or behaviours that help an organism survive and reproduce in its habitat.
Q4: Give an example of a structural adaptation.
A: A camel's long eyelashes protect its eyes from desert sand.
Q5: What is behavioural adaptation?
A: Behavioural adaptation involves actions or behaviours that help an organism survive, such as birds migrating in winter.
Q6: What is competition in an ecosystem?
A: Competition occurs when organisms fight for the same limited resources, such as food, water, or shelter.
Q7: What is the difference between intraspecific and interspecific competition?
A:
  • Intraspecific competition: Between members of the same species (e.g., trees competing for sunlight).
  • Interspecific competition: Between members of different species (e.g., lions and hyenas competing for prey).
Q8: What happens to weaker organisms in competition?
A: Weaker organisms may die, move to a new habitat, or adapt to survive.
Q9: What is interdependence in an ecosystem?
A: Interdependence refers to how organisms rely on each other for survival.
Q10: Give an example of interdependence.
A: Bees pollinate flowers while collecting nectar, benefiting both bees and plants.
Q11: What is a food chain?
A: A food chain shows how energy flows through an ecosystem, starting with producers and ending with predators.
Example: Grass → Rabbit → Fox.
Q12: What is mutualism?
A: Mutualism is a relationship where both species benefit, such as clownfish living in sea anemones.
Q13: How do predators help maintain balance in ecosystems?
A: Predators control prey populations, preventing overpopulation and resource depletion.
Q14: Name two positive human impacts on habitats.
A: Conservation efforts like reforestation and sustainable farming practices.
Q15: Name two negative human impacts on habitats.
A: Habitat destruction through deforestation and pollution.
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