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Chemical Reactions

What Is a Chemical Reaction?

A chemical reaction is a process where substances (reactants) change to form new substances (products). These reactions can happen at different speeds depending on certain factors.

Factors That Affect the Rate of a Chemical Reaction

  • Temperature – Higher temperatures increase particle movement, leading to faster reactions. Example: Cooking food at a higher temperature makes it cook faster.
  • Concentration – A higher concentration of reactants means more particles are available to react, speeding up the reaction. Example: A strong acid reacts faster with metal than a weak acid.
  • Surface Area – Smaller pieces of a solid react faster than larger pieces because there is more exposed surface for the reaction to take place. Example: Sugar dissolves faster when ground into powder.
  • Catalysts – Substances that speed up a reaction without being used up. Example: Enzymes in the body help digest food faster.
  • Pressure (for gases) – Increasing pressure pushes gas particles closer together, making reactions faster. Example: In car engines, fuel burns faster under high pressure.

Common Gases Produced in Chemical Reactions

  • Oxygen (O₂) – Produced in photosynthesis and used in respiration.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO₂) – Produced when acids react with carbonates and in respiration.
  • Hydrogen (H₂) – Produced when metals react with acids.

Example Reaction

Hydrogen gas production: Magnesium + Hydrochloric Acid → Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

Biochemical Reactions

Biochemical reactions occur in living organisms. Examples include:

Photosynthesis

Plants use sunlight to make food.

Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Respiration

Cells release energy from food.

Glucose + Oxygen → Energy + Carbon dioxide + Water

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → Energy + 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

Why Is This Important?

Understanding reaction rates helps in various fields, including:

  • Controlling reactions in industries, such as medicine production.
  • Understanding natural processes like photosynthesis.
  • Improving real-world applications, like food preservation and energy production.

By investigating reaction rates, scientists can develop safer, faster, and more efficient chemical processes.

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